What do we call the substances added to food to enhance its flavor, texture, or preservation?

The term that refers to substances added to food to enhance its flavor, texture, or preservation is "additives." Food additives are specifically designed to improve attributes such as taste and appearance, as well as to extend the shelf life of products through preservation. They can include a wide range of substances, such as flavor enhancers, stabilizers, and preservatives, among others.

In contrast, "ingredients" refers to the individual components that make up a dish, including both natural and processed items. "Preservatives" are a type of additive specifically aimed at preventing spoilage and extending shelf life, but they do not encompass the full range of substances that enhance flavor or texture. "Conservatives" is not relevant in this context, as it does not pertain to food terminology and instead refers to a political or social ideology.